The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the principal public service broadcaster in the United Kingdom, with its headquarters at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff. Its main responsibility is to provide public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. The BBC is an autonomous public service broadcaster that operates under a Royal Charter. Within the United Kingdom its work is funded principally by an annual television license fee, which is charged to all United Kingdom households, companies and organizations using any type of equipment to record and/or receive live television broadcasts; the level of the fee is set annually by the British Government and agreed by Parliament
Outside the UK, the BBC World Service has provided services by direct broadcasting and re-transmission contracts by sound radio since the inauguration of the BBC Empire Service in December 1932, and more recently by television and online. Though sharing some of the facilities of the domestic services, particularly for news and current affairs output, the World Service has a separate Managing Director, and its operating costs have historically been funded mainly by direct grants from the UK government. These grants were determined independently of the domestic license fee. A recent spending review has announced plans for the funding for the world service to be drawn from the domestic license fee.
History:
The privately owned BBC was the world's first national broadcasting organization and was founded on 18 October 1922 as the British Broadcasting Company Ltd. The original company was founded in 1922 by a group of six telecommunications companies—Marconi, Radio Communication Company, Metropolitan-Vickers, General Electric, Western Electric, and British Thomson-Houston—to broadcast experimental radio services. The first transmission was on 14 November of that year, from station 2LO, located at Marconi House, London.
The British Broadcasting Company Ltd was created by the British General Post Office (GPO) and John Reith applied for a job with the existing company and later became its employee general manager. The company was wound-up and on 1 January 1927 a new non-commercial entity called the British Broadcasting Corporation established under a Royal Charter became successor in interest.
To represent its purpose and values, the Corporation adopted the coat of arms, including the motto "Nation shall speak peace unto Nation". The motto is generally attributed to Montague John Randall, former headmaster of Winchester College, and member of the first BBC Board of Governors.
Experimental television broadcasts were started in 1932 using an electromechanical 30 line system developed by John Logie Baird. Limited regular broadcasts using this system began in 1934, and an expanded service (now named the BBC Television Service) started from Alexandra Palace in 1936. The European Broadcasting Union was formed on 12 February 1950, in Torquay with the BBC among the 23 founding broadcasting organizations.
Services:
BBC Worldwide has six operating businesses
· Channels
· Content & Production
· Global Brands
· Sales & Distribution
· Consumer Products
· BBC Magazines
Digital media ventures are also incorporated right across each business area.
· Television
In the UK, BBC One and BBC Two are the BBC's flagship television channels. Several digital only stations are also broadcast: BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC News, BBC Parliament, and two children's channels, CBBC and CBeebies. Digital television is now in widespread use in the UK, with analogue transmission being phased out by December 2012.
BBC One is a regionalized TV service which provides opt-outs throughout the day for local news and other local programming. These variations are more pronounced in the BBC 'Nations', i.e. Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, where the presentation is mostly carried out locally on BBC One and Two. BBC Two variations within England are currently rare, though most regions still have the ability to 'opt out' of the main feed, albeit on analogue only. BBC Two was also the first channel to be transmitted on 625 lines in 1964, then carry a small-scale regular color service from 1967. BBC One would follow in November 1969.
A new Scottish Gaelic television channel, BBC Alba, was launched in September 2008. It is also the first multi-genre channel to come entirely from Scotland with almost all of its programs made in Scotland. The service is currently only available via satellite and cable television.
In the Republic of Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland, the BBC channels are available in a number of ways. In these countries digital and cable operators carry a range of BBC channels these include BBC One, BBC Two and BBC World News, although viewers in the Republic of Ireland may receive BBC services via 'overspill' from transmitters in Northern Ireland or Wales, or via 'deflectors' – transmitters in the Republic which rebroadcast broadcasts from the UK, received off-air, or from digital satellite.
From 9 June 2006, the BBC began a 6–12 month trial of high-definition television broadcasts under the name BBC HD. The corporation has been producing programs in the format for many years, and states that it hopes to produce 100% of new programs in HDTV by 2010. On 3 November 2010, a high-definition simulcast of BBC One was launched.
Since 1975, the BBC has also provided its TV programs to the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS), allowing members of UK military serving abroad to watch and listen to them on two dedicated TV channels.
In 2008, the BBC began experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK, and in November 2008, all standard BBC television channels were made available to watch online.
Radio
The BBC has five major national stations:
Radio 1 ("the best new music and entertainment")
Radio 2 (the UK's most listened to radio station, with 12.9 million weekly listeners)
Radio 3 (classical and jazz music)
Radio 4 (current affairs, factual, drama and comedy)
Radio 5 Live (24 hour news, sports and talk)
Radio 6
Radio 7
Radio extra
News
BBC News is the largest broadcast news gathering operation in the world, providing services to BBC domestic radio as well as television networks such as the BBC News, BBC Parliament and BBC World News, as well as BBC Red Button, Ceefax and BBC News Online. New BBC News services that are also proving popular are mobile services to mobile phones and PDAs. Desktop news alerts, e-mail alerts, and digital TV alerts are also available.
Internet
The BBC's online presence includes a comprehensive news website and archive. It was launched as BBC Online, before being renamed BBCi, then bbc.co.uk, before it was rebranded back as BBC Online. The BBC claims the site to be "Europe's most popular content-based site" and states that 13.2 million people in the UK visit the site's more than two million pages each day According to Alexa's TrafficRank system, in July 2008 BBC Online was the 27th most popular English Language website in the world, and the 46th most popular overall. BBC has also launched a blog site as www.worldhaveyoursay.com
A new version of the BBC homepage was launched in December 2007, with the new site enabling the user to customize the BBC's internet services to their own needs. This, on 28 February 2008, was made permanent.
Commercial services
BBC Worldwide Limited is the wholly owned commercial subsidiary of the BBC responsible for the commercial exploitation of BBC programs and other properties, including a number of television stations throughout the world. The cable and satellite stations BBC Prime (in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia), BBC America, BBC Canada (alongside BBC Kids), broadcast popular BBC programs to people outside the UK, as does UK.TV (co-run with Foxtel and Fremantle Media) in Australasia. A similar service, BBC Japan, ceased broadcasts in April 2006 after its Japanese distributor folded.
BBC Worldwide also runs a 24-hour news channel, BBC World News and co-runs, with Virgin Media, the UKTV network of stations in the UK, producers of, amongst others, G.O.L.D. and Dave. In addition, BBC television news appears nightly on many Public Broadcasting Service stations in the United States, as do reruns of BBC programs such as East Enders, and in New Zealand on TV One.
Miscellaneous
The BBC and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office jointly run BBC Monitoring, which monitors radio, television, the press and the internet worldwide.
In the 1980s, the BBC developed several PCs, most notably the BBC Micro.
The BBC has traditionally played a major role in producing book and music tie-ins with its broadcast material. BBC Records produced soundtrack albums, talking books and material from radio broadcasts of music
BBC Worldwide also maintains the publishing arm of the BBC and it is the third-largest publisher of consumer magazines in the United Kingdom BBC Magazines, formerly known as BBC Publications, publishes the Radio Times (and published the now-defunct The Listener) as well as a number of magazines that support BBC programming such as BBC Top Gear, BBC Good Food, BBC Sky at Night, BBC History, BBC Wildlife and BBC Music.
Attitudes toward the BBC in popular culture
Older domestic UK audiences often refer to the BBC as "the Beeb", a nickname originally dubbed by Peter Sellers in The Goon Show in the 1950s, when he referred to the "Beeb Beeb Ceeb". It was then borrowed, shortened and popularized by Kenny Everett. Another nickname, now less commonly used, is "Auntie", said to originate from the old-fashioned "Auntie knows best" attitude (but possibly a sly reference to the "aunties" and "uncles" who were presenters of children's programs in early days) in the days when John Reith, the BBC's first director general, was in charge. The two nicknames have also been used together as "Auntie Beeb", and Auntie has been used in outtake programs such as Auntie's Bloomers
Revenue
The principal means of funding the BBC is through the television license, costing £145.50 per year per household (as of April 2010). Such a license is required to receive broadcast television within the UK, however no license is required to own a television used for other means, or for sound only radio sets (though a separate license for these was also required for non-TV households until 1971). The cost of a television license is set by the government and enforced by the criminal law. A discount is available for households with only black-and-white television sets. A 50% discount is also offered to registered blind. The revenue is collected privately and is paid into the central government Consolidated Fund, a process defined in the Communications Act 2003. This TV Licensing collection is currently carried out by Capita, an outside agency. Funds are then allocated by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and the Treasury and approved by Parliament via legislation. Additional revenues are paid by the Department for Work and Pensions to compensate for subsidized licenses for eligible over-75 year olds.
Income from commercial enterprises and from overseas sales of its catalogue of programs has substantially increased over recent years, with BBC Worldwide contributing some £145 million to the BBC's core public service business.
According to the BBC's 2008–2009 Annual Report, its income can be broken down, as follows:
£3,493.8 million in license fees collected from householders;
£775.9 million from BBC Commercial Businesses;
£294.6 million from government grants;
£41.1 million from other income, such as providing content to overseas broadcasters and concert ticket sales;
The license fee has, however, attracted criticism. It has been argued that in an age of multi stream, multi-channel availability, an obligation to pay a license fee is no longer appropriate. The BBC's use of private sector company Capita Group to send letters to premises not paying the license fee has been criticized, especially as there have been cases where such letters have been sent to premises which are up to date with their payments, or do not require a TV license. The BBC uses an advertising campaign to inform customers of the requirement to pay the license fee. These letters and adverts have been criticized by Conservative MPs Boris Johnson and Ann Widdecombe, for having a threatening nature and language used to scare evaders into paying. Audio clips and television broadcasts are used to inform listeners of the BBC's comprehensive database. There are a number of pressure groups campaigning on the issue of the license fee.
Expenditure
The total broadcasting spends is given as:
Department
Total cost (£million)
Television
1443
Radio
218
BBC Online
72
BBC jam
36
Interactive TV (BBCi)
18
Local radio and regional television
370
Programme related spend
338
Overheads and Digital UK
315
Restructuring
107
Transmission and collection costs
320
Total
3237
Conclusion
As we all know about a well known channel of London "British broadcasting corporation "BBC, which is providing coverage of whole world. They are covering political, economical social, though every current issue around the whole world. in short, they put a world in a global village. They launched many channels after having attention of different type of audience like they launched BBC Urdu for Pakistan. They are playing with society having well planed agenda settings behind the screen. Basically they have anti Muslim propaganda in which they always try to show a bad image of Muslims like they are in a favor of war in Afghanistan, they react badly on the issue of 9/11 though this secret was revealed after couple of days that this all propaganda of the American government and all the media well propagated it against the Muslims.
it was first time when they properly started their agenda against Muslims. They highlighted a Muslim Osama bin laden as a terrorist. They showed different pictures of him in which most of the time the person is different. Another impact which they tried to put in every one’s mind is "a man with beard will be a terrorist” and we watch in our local TV channels too that they also try to show an image of a person who has bear is a terrorist
BBC highlighted the core issue of salman taseer murder, they show Muslims as extremist and GEO, Express also adopt their strategy as they show worst image of Muslims.
Here is an example taken from the BBC website:-
Muhammad - the first Kafir .....Muhammad - the seed of the devil
Written by logic, January 06, 2011
Another muslim who MISUNDERSTOOD ISLAM as a peaceful religion was butchered .................have a look at the smiling proud muslim who murdered a kafir .....(though a fellow muslim,but supramacist ideologies work this way) ....probably dreaming of the 72 virgins promised by the mad prophet - muhammed.
No muslim has yet assasinated .....a bin laden or other terrorists .......why ??? while moderate muslims (the true misunderstanders of islam ) are killed ............no one kills BIN laden .............which many .....moderate muslims (again pretend muslims or complete fools) claim are hijacking islam ............the ones who are dishonoring .......islam ??? Or are they ???
Or are they ??? It seems only kafirs are mis-understanding ISLAM ..............not the bin-ladens ............a kafir's peace ........is not Muhammed's peace ............our love ........is not muhammed's love ...........our ...promise is not muhammed's promise ..............our God ..is not muhammed's God ...........our humanity is not Muhammed's humanity ..................................................so i ask WHAT IS THE FATE OF KAFIRS .......................i scream out to the blacks,whites,browns,pink,yellow,blue,green ............waterver ...........i scream out to all the RELIGIONS ..........the christians,the jews,the hindus,the buddhists ..........and all other religions ...........WHAT THE HELL ARE FOLLOWERS OF MUHAMMED DOING TO US ????? WHY SHOULD OUR FATE BE DEATH............???? WHY SHOULD WE TOLERATE THE SON OF DEVIL - MUHAMMED AND HIS SONS ............???? WHEN WILL THE TRUE KAFIRS GET THEIR REPLY FROM HUMANITY ???????????
written by eddy , January 11, 2011
Another reason why I left Islam is that Quran is full of internal contradictions, scientific errors and historical blunders. Muslims claim that Quran is ‘a miracle of miracles.’ This statement is a blatant and greatest lie ever told. Here are a few samples of contradictions in Quran: examples of internal contradictions-- 54:19 mentions Aad was destroyed in a day but 69:6,7 mentions Aad was destroyed in seven nights and eight days; 19:17 shows an angel appeared to Mary but 3:42 shows several angels appeared; 28:40 mentions pharaoh drowned and died but 10:92 states that the same pharaoh was saved; examples of scientific errors--18:86 states that sun sets in a muddy spring of water; 15:19 mentions earth is flat; 86:6,7 states that semen emits from between back-bone and the ribs; examples of historical blunders—19:27,28 states that Mary was the sister of Aaron, whereas history shows they were born about 1300 years apart; 28:8 tells that pharaoh and Haman were living at the same time and place whereas history clearly shows they were born about 1000 years apart and pharaoh lived in Egypt and Haman lived in Shushan city in Persia; and 4:157 says that Jesus was not crucified whereas it is crystal clear in historical records that Jesus was crucified and not another man who looked like Jesus. By the way, the transliterated name of Jesus in Arabic Quran is Isa but even this is wrong because the name of Esau, brother of Jacob (Yaqub in arabic) is Isa in arabic. The correct transliterated name of Jesus in arabic is Yasu. Isa (Esau) means ‘hairy’ and Yasu (Jesus) means ‘God saves.’ Muslims tell so many lies to cover up all internal contradictions, scientific errors and historical blunders in Quran. Any sane person can become sick of Muslim apologists’ deception and lies of ‘out of context,’ ‘bad translation’ and ‘arabic Quran cannot be translated’ to hide and conceal the contradictions in the Quran.
This clearly tells us what they think of Muslims all over the world and what are they trying to portray.
Another example is of Raymond Davis where an article in BBC was published as
"Since both boys were armed with pistols, Mr. Davis' plea of self-defense sounded credible at first. But the Punjab police in their subsequent investigation focused on evidence that contradicted Mr. Davis' self-defense theory."
BBC Purpose:
According to BBC website its has three main purposes as follows
- To inform, educate and entertain
- To serve everyone and enrich people’s lives
- To be the most creative, trusted organization in the world
Executive board runs the BBC by:
Key Objectives:
Developing strategy and policy in light of the set objectives
Operating all services within the strategic and policy framework
BBC says that the board of governors ensures the serves the public interest by:
Setting key objectives
Approving strategy and policy
Monitoring performance and compliance, and reporting on both in the annual report.
Ensuring public accountability
The BBC is established under Royal charter. The current charter runs until 2006. A separate agreement, accompanying the charter, recognizes the BBC’s editorial independence and sets out its public obligations.
Missions and Program Policy:
It is the BBC’s responsibility to carry into the greatest number of homes everything that is best in every department of human Endeavour and achievement (Reith cited in Biumler, 1992).
BBC’s first director general, Johan Reith developed a clear version for the BBC and its services. Broadcasting should be a public service which should not simply entertained, but inform and educate as well. The defining characteristic of Reith’s philosophy of broadcasting were, firstly, a distinct elitism
“Few [listeners] know what they want, and very few want what they need (Reith, cited in Congdon, 1992).”
The BBC’s task was to train its audience to digest material it might not otherwise attempt, to provide a service somewhat ahead of what the public would demand were it able to articulate its demands. Simply responding to market needs was ruled out from the beginning
“He who prides in giving, what he thinks the public wants is often creating a fictitious demand for lower standards which he will thin satisfy ((Reith, cited in briggs,1961).”
Johan Reith clearly was talking about agenda setting. He knew people were fond of what media was setting. The media (BBC) created and people blindly followed it without any confirmation BBC is regarded as the white elephant in media because of its truth feedings. It feeds the truth until people believe it completely and then includes its own agenda’s and lies (own interests). The same policy is being followed by our local media. (Truth feeding)
GEO which has successfully adopted the policy is becoming the giant predator in Pakistan. Media in Pakistan is viewed as the untouchable because it attacks from both sides. Same policy as BBC
Criticism
The BBC cannot be neutral in the struggle between truth and untruth, justice and injustice, freedom and slavery, compassion and cruelty, tolerance and intolerance.’ The BBC has always been impartial when it comes to Israel-Palestine. An exhaustive 2004 study by the Glasgow University Media Group – Bad News from Israel – shows that the BBC’s coverage is systematically biased in favor of Israel. It excludes context and history to focus on day-to-day events; it invariably inverts reality to frame these as Palestinian ‘provocation’ against Israeli ‘retaliation’. The context is always Israeli ‘security’, and in interviews the Israeli perspective predominates. There is also a marked difference in the language used to describe casualties on either side; and despite the far more numerous Palestinian victims, Israeli casualties receive more air time. The BBC presented the assault as an Israeli war of self defense, a narrative that could only be sustained by effacing the 1,250 Palestinians (including 222 children) killed by the Israeli military between 2005 and 2008. To be sure, Palestinian civilian deaths were mentioned, but only in terms of their ‘cost’ to Israel’s image. Where Israeli crimes were particularly atrocious, the BBC retreated to condemning ‘both sides’. Israeli civilian deaths were elevated to headlines; Palestinians relegated to the bottom.
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